Process of transparentizing paper



Patented July 21, 1953 PROCESS OF TRANSPARENTIZING PAPER Robert R. Parmcntier, Upper Darby, Pa.

N Drawing. Original application April 12, 1950,

Serial No. 155,565. Divided and this application October 18, 1950, Serial No. 190,883

' 8 Claims.

This inventicnirelates to compositions and processes for transparentizing fibrous materials such as paper. v

It is often desired to reproducecopies of drawings, printed pages, or other similar materlals.

This may be accomplished by photographing the the cost of the reproduction makes the process prohibitivein many instances. In order to overcome these and otherdifiiculties, it has hereto fore been suggested to employ various compositions in order to transparentize the paper from which reproductions are desired, and thus render the attainment of prints directly therefrom feasible. Compositions heretofore proposed, however, 'have serious disadvantages which greatly restrict or prevent their use. For example, compositions heretofore proposed suffer one or more of the following difficulties: the compositions may be dangerous to compound and use, are difiicult to prepare and apply to the paper, drying thereof is slow, the material used in transparentizing, usually an oil, is transferred to prints and other papers which it contacts thus restricting its use and making storage of the treated paper difficult, odor is imparted to the treated paper Which makes its use obnoxious and. which permeates other papers and materials such as when stored together, tacking, i. e., sticking of the treated paper to hot surfaces of reproducing machines, which prevents or greatly limits their use in most processes, and lack of good transparentizing thus preventing the attainment of suitable reproductions.

An object of the present invention is to provide compositions effective to transparentize paper and obviate the above-mentioned difliculties. A further object is to provide a process for transparentizing papers. I

The present invention comprises a novel transparentizing solution and its application to paper,

preferably followed by application of a novel sealing solution, as hereinafter fully described.

The transparentizing solution of the present invention comprises mineral oil, 10-35 vol. toluene, 41O vol. and carbon tetrachloride, 55-80 vol. This composition is applied directly to the paper to be transparentized, preferably to the side thereof which does not contain the printed'matter or drawing the reproduction of which is desired. Application is conveniently accomplished by rubbing the paper with a cloth or sponge saturated with the transparentizing solution. 'Other means of application may be employed, such as spraying, brushing, and dipping. The composition of the present invention dries in a very short time, within about 2-5 minutes, and the so-treated paper may then be used in preparing photographic reproductions. It is preferred, however, to further treat the paper with a novel composition comprising wax, '2-6 vol. a gasoline hydrocarbon fraction, 31-47 vol. and carbon tetrachloride, 47-67 vol. This composition is described and claimed in rnyv copending application, Serial Number 190,882, filed October 18, 1950. Using the stated ranges of gasoline and carbon tetrachloride, a saturated solution of the Wax, at about room temperature, may advantageously be employed. It has been found that this composi tion effectively seals the paper so that no'seepage is apparent even after long storage, and also provides other advantages as hereinafter described. The sealing composition may be applied in the same manner as described for the transparentizing composition.

In transparentizing paper in accordance with the present invention, the transparentizing solution may be applied to the paper and after drying the sealing solution applied. It ispreferredto apply the sealing composition before the transparentizing solution iscompletely dry. It has been, found that operating in this manner the total time of application of the solutions is considerably decreased, the sealing solution is more readily applied, and total drying time is decreased.

In the above-described transparentizing composition, it is possible to substitute xylene, usually as a mixture of the various xylenes, or benzene, in whole or in part, for the toluene. The oil employed is preferably a refined white mineral oil boiling in the lubricating oil range. The Wax employed in the sealing solution is preferably. a paraffin wax of petroleum origin having a melting point of from about F. to 200 F., although microcrystalline wax of the same melting point range may be employed. Also, in place of the gasoline petroleum fraction there may be substituted one or more aliphatic hydrocarbons boiling within this range, such as normal and branched chain hexanes, heptanes, and octanes. Preferably there is employed a straight run de- 11 range. .of from. about 1859-1 to 40 0 F.

as employing more than the stated quantity re- :sults in too fast drying which makes its application to paper difficult and uneven. With re- .spect to the sealing composition, if less than the It is important that the stated concentration ranges for the ingredients of both compositions be observed. With respect to the transparentizing composition, if mineral oil be employed in less than the stated amount, the paper is not sufficiently transparentized to permit satisfactory reproduction, whereas if more than the stated. quantity is employed, the paper wil1 be slow drying and seepage occurs; if less than the stated 4 and of the necessity of using the described ingredients in the present compositions, a series of solutions was prepared and tested. The compositions prepared were as follows (parts given as parts by volume) Composition 1:

amount of toluene is employed seepage is ob- Composition 2;

served, whereas if more than the stated quantity is employed the composition may be inflammable and has an offensive odor; if carbon tetrachloride is employed in less than the stated quantity, penetration of the paper by the transpar- 1'5 Composition 3:

entizing composition is decreased thereby making the application of the composition difficult, and the composition may be inflammable, where- .stated quantity of wax is employed, effective sealing Will not be obtained so that seepage is observed, whereas if more than the stated quantity is employed, tacking during the reproduction operation is observed; if less than the stated quantity of gasoline is employed the wax will not be sufficiently soluble in the composition to achieve the desired results, whereas more than the stated quantity may render the composition inflammable; the same disadvantages of employing a quantity of carbon tetrachloride outside of the stated range is observed with sealing composition as with the tra-nsparentizing composipositions, respectively.

tion.

Various papers may be treated in accordance with the present process, and the so-treated papers used in various reproduction processes.

Papers which may be treated for example include thod).

the usual bond paper of say about 13 to 24 lb. weight per 1000 sheets, photographic, tracing, chart, and blue print papers, and in general any paper except very heavy fibrous materials such Castor oil 1 Turpentine l Cocoanut oil 1 Light parafiln oil 1 Benzine 1 C014 1 Light paraffin oil 1 Benzine 1 CC14 1 20 Composition 4:

Light mineral oil 6 'Benzine 1 C014 13 Composition 5:

Light refined white mineral oil 6 Toluene 1 CCli 13 Composition 6:

Straight run gasoline fraction 8 Wax 1 C014 12 It will be noted that Compositions 5 and 6 are the present transparentizer and sealing com- In Composition 6, the gasoline fraction employed was a straight run fraction boiling between about 190 F. and 380 F., and the wax employed was a paraffin wax having a melting point of 150 F. (A. S. T. M. Data obtained are presented in the following table, which gives the following data: (1) application, which is the ease of application of the composition to the papera measure of the rubbing and time required to as cardboard. The treated papers may be emapply the Composition; y Wh ch is the ployed for making reproductions in a variety of processes involving the transmission of light through the treated paper. As illustrative of, such processes may be mentioned direct printing time required for the treated paper to dry; (3) odor, which is the odor of the treated paper after standing 6 days; (4) seepage, which is the tendency of the oil to rise to the surface of the paper,

such as contact box printing, the use of Ozalid, observed by transfer of oil from the treated paper Bruning, blue print machines, and actinic light contact printing. The treated papers may also be used in projection printing.

The following examples illustrate preferred to a contacting paper on standing 24 hours; and (5) transparency of the product, i. e., whether sufiicient light will be transmitted through the paper to obtain good contact photoprints.

Compo- Trans- Sition Appllcatwn Drying 1 Odor Seepag e patency very difficult" very slow. serious good. difiicult very easy- 1 very serious fair. do

moderate fair.

very slight... good. none fair.

embodiments of the present invention and the As noted above, Composition 5 is the transsuperiority of the present compositions and procparentizer and Composition 6 the sealer of the esses over those heretofore known:

Example 1 In order to demonstrate superiority of the prespresent invention. It is apparent that Composition 6 acts to transparentize paper, but gives only a fair product. The last two lines of the table represent preferred processes of the present inent compositions over those heretofore described, vention, and show the excellent results achieved.

Example .2 I

In order to illustrate a preferred embodiment oi. the present process, it was desired to reproduce copies of an engineering drawing of size 30 by 41 inches, the size of the desired copies being 11 by The original drawing was photographed and a printof the desired size made on an opaque photographic paper from the negative. This print was transparentized and sealed using the compositions of the present invention as described, applying the sealing composition after drying of the transparentizing composition. The transparentized photo-print was then employed in an Ozalid'machine to produce the desired number of prints, excellent results being achieved.

Example 3 It was desired to produce copies of a typewritten report. The papers were transparentized and sealed in accordance-with the present process and copies made directly therefrom on an Ozalid machine.

Untreated paper was tested against the transparentized paper and it was found that the speed of the machine using transparentized paper was increased from 2 to 4 times, and thatthe prints were sharper and contained greater contrast than those obtained with the untreated paper.

Example 4 Composition 5 of Example 1 was duplicated except that benzene was substituted for toluene. A blue-print of an engineering drawing was transparentized therewith and sealed with Composition 6 as described for Example 1. Substanrange, from 4-10 vol.% of a material selected from. the group consisting of benzene, toluene, and xylene, and from 55-80 vol.% carbon tetrachloride to paper and then applying a sealing solution consisting of from 2-6 vol.% petroleum wax having a melting point of from 115 F. to 200 F., from 31-47 vol.% gasoline hydrocarbon fraction, and from 47-67 vol.% carbon "tetrachloride to said paper. v

2. Process according to claim 1 wherein toluene is the material selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, and xylene.

3. Process, of transparentizing paper which comprises applying to paper a transparentizing solution consisting of 10-35 vol.% mineral oil boiling in'the lubricating 011 range, from 4-10 vol.% toluene, and from 55-80 vol.% carbon tetrachloride, drying the treated paper, and applying a sealing composition consisting of 2-6' vol.% petroleum wax-having a melting point of from 115 F. to 200 F., from 31-47 vol.% of a gasoline hydrocarbon fraction, and from 47-67 vol.% carbon tetrachloride.

tially identical results were obtained as with toluene.

7 Example 5 Example 4 was repeated using a mixture of xylenes in place of toluene. Results substantially identical to those obtained in Example 4 were obtained.

Example 6 Six commercial transparentizers were purchased and results obtained therewith compared to those obtained with the compositions of the present invention. Each of the commercial com- 4. Process of transparentizing paper which 7 comprises applying to paper a transparentizing solution consisting of 10-35 vol.% mineral oil boiling in the lubricating oil range, from 4-10 vol.% toluene, and from 55-80 vol.% carbon tetrachloride, and subsequently applying before drying of said transparentizing solution a sealing composition consisting of 2-6 vol.% petroleum wax having a melting point of from F. to a 200 F., from 31-47 vol.% of a gasoline hydrocarbon fraction, and from 47-67 vol.% carbon tetrachloride.

5. Process according to claim 1 wherein benzene is the material selected from the group con sisting of benzene, toluene, and xylene.

6. Process according to claim 1 wherein xylene is the material selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, and xylene.

7. Process for transparentizing paper which comprises applying a solution consisting of 10-35 vol.% mineral oil boiling in the lubricating oil range, from 4-10-vol.% of a material selected from the. group consisting of benzene, toluene, and xylene, and from 55-80 vol.% carbon tetrachloride to paper and then applying a sealing solution consisting of from 2-6 vol.% petroleum wax having a melting point of from 115 F. to 200 F., from 31-47 vol.% of an aliphatic hydrocarbon boiling within the gasoline range, and from 47-67 vol.% carbon tetrachloride to said paper. I

8. Process according to claim 1 wherein said gasoline hydrocarbon fraction is a straight run dearomatized gasoline hydrocarbon fraction.

ROBERT R. PARMENTIER.

No references cited. 

1. PROCESS FOR TRANSPARENTIZING PAPER WHICH COMPRISES APPLYING A SOLUTION CONSISTING OF 10-35 VOL.% MINERAL OIL BOILING IN THE LUBRICATING OIL RANGE, FROM 4-10 VOL., OF A MATERIAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF BENZENE, TOLUENE, AND XYLENE, AND FROM 55-80 VOL.% CARBON TETRACHLORIDE TO PAPER AND THEN APPLYING A SEALING SOLUTION CONSISTING OF FROM 2-6 VOL.% PETROLEUM WAX HAVING A MELTING POINT OF FROM 115* F. TO 200* F., FROM 31-47 VOL.% GASOLINE HYDROCARBON FRACTION, AND FROM 47-67 VOL.% CARBON TETRACHLORIDE TO SAID PAPER. 